Canine cancer detection

Cancer-sniffing dogs 97% accurate in identifying lung cancer

JAOA researchers say the dogs’ abilities may lead to the development of an effective, safe and inexpensive means for mass cancer screening.

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Three beagles successfully showed they are capable of smelling lung cancer, a first step in identifying specific biomarkers for the disease. Researchers say the dogs’ abilities may lead to the development of an effective, safe and inexpensive means for mass cancer screening.

After eight weeks of training, the beagles—chosen for their superior olfactory receptor genes—were able to distinguish between blood serum samples taken from patients with malignant lung cancer and healthy controls with 97% accuracy. The double-blind study is published in the July edition of The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association.

“We’re using the dogs to sort through the layers of scent until we identify the telltale biomarkers,” says Thomas Quinn, DO, professor at Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine and lead author on this study. “There is still a great deal of work ahead, but we’re making good progress.”

The dogs were led into a room with blood serum samples at nose level. Some samples came from patients with non-small cell lung cancer; others were drawn from healthy controls. After thoroughly sniffing a sample, the dogs sat down to indicate a positive finding for cancer or moved on if none was detected.

Dr. Quinn and his team are nearing completion of a second iteration of the study. This time the dogs are working to identify lung, breast and colorectal cancer using samples of patients’ breath, collected by the patient breathing into a face mask. Researchers say findings suggest the dogs can detect cancer just as effectively using this method.

The next step will be to further separate the samples based on chemical and physical properties, presenting them back to the dogs until the specific biomarkers for each cancer are identified. The goal is to develop an over-the-counter screening product, similar to a pregnancy test in terms of cost, simplicity and availability. Dr. Quinn envisions a device that someone can breathe into and see a color change to indicate a positive or negative finding.

Early detection is key

According to the American Cancer Society, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide for both women and men, and more than 200,000 people in the U.S. annually receive a diagnosis of lung cancer. The five-year survival rate for stage IA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is 92%. That drops to 13% in stage IIIC NSCLC, and after metastasis, the five-year survival rates range from 10% to less than 1%, depending on the stage.

Additionally, screening and imaging for lung cancer is costly and not always reliable. Chest X-rays have a high false-negative rate, while CT scans with a computer-aided diagnosis have a high false-positive rate. Previous studies indicated that 90% of missed lung cancers occur when using chest X-rays, and CT scans have difficulty identifying small, central, juxtavascular lung cancers.

Dr. Quinn believes his research can lead to better screening and diagnosis solutions, potentially creating a change in cancer detection.

“Right now it appears dogs have a better natural ability to screen for cancer than our most advanced technology,” says Dr. Quinn. “Once we figure out what they know and how, we may be able to catch up.”

2 comments

  1. Eli Neiman

    We need a double blinded study with sham to see if this cancer detecting dog thing is real. I remember the farce of seizure detecting dogs about a decade ago in my world of neurology. After a real evidence based practioner and neurologist finally designed a proper trial and it was published in the journal Neurology that madness went away with one stroke of the pen. The sad thing was that the data caused many dogs to be left out of jobs and howling at the moon :)
    Dr. Eli S. Neiman, DO, FACN

  2. Eli Neiman

    Addendum: Seizure assist dogs exist but no dog has ever been found to be able to detect a seizure prior to its occurance as was being widely spread in the medical community.

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